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A detailed molecular diagram illustrating the electron transport chain in a mitochondrion, leading to ROS production and activation of various cellular pathways like autophagy and caspase cascade.

A detailed molecular diagram illustrating the electron transport chain in a mitochondrion, leading to ROS production and activation of various cellular pathways like autophagy and caspase cascade.
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线粒体电子传递链 (ETC)，减少 FADH2 电子供给，导致电子泄漏，电子泄漏产生超氧阴离子等活性氧 (ROS)，ROS 通过抑制 MAPK 磷酸酶 (MKPs) 和直接激活 ASK1，ASK1 进而激活 JNK 和 p38 MAPK 通路，JNK 和 p38 磷酸化 Bcl-2，使其不能抑制 Beclin-1，释放 Beclin-1 启动自噬，同时解除对 Bax 蛋白的抑制作用，释放细胞色素 c，激活 caspase 级联反应，导致心肌细胞凋亡 See more

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