A female volleyball player in a uniform jumps to hit a volleyball over a net on a court.

1. Isotonic: Concentric Contraction Definition: A concentric contraction is a type of isotonic muscle action where the muscle shortens as it contracts, producing movement at the joint. This occurs when the muscle generates enough force to overcome resistance, causing the muscle fibers to shorten and the limb to move. Example in Netball Shooting: During the shot, Steph Wood’s quadriceps, gluteals, triceps, and deltoids contract concentrically as she extends her knees and elbows. This shortening of muscles propels her body upward and extends her arms to release the ball toward the net. How It Contributes: Concentric contractions are critical for generating the force and movement needed to execute a powerful shot. They provide the upward drive and arm extension that allow Steph to control the speed and trajectory of the ball, ensuring accuracy and power in her shooting motion. 2. Isotonic: Eccentric Contraction Definition: An eccentric contraction occurs when a muscle lengthens while still producing force. This type of contraction controls or decelerates movement, acting as a braking mechanism to prevent injury and maintain smooth motion. Example in Netball Shooting: When Steph lowers herself into the shooting stance by bending her knees and hips, her quadriceps and hamstrings contract eccentrically to control the descent. After releasing the ball, these muscles continue to contract eccentrically to slow down her limbs during the follow-through. How It Contributes: Eccentric See more