Sepia illustration of a bronze scale: one side heavy with gold and 'STOCK' for 'SPECULATORS'; the other has a pitchfork, corn, and map for 'FARMERS AND STATES'.

Title: “Protect State Power—Reject Debt Assumption” Main Message: Hamilton’s plan places too much control in the hands of the federal government. States that have already paid their debts should not have to cover the costs of others. This policy favors wealthy speculators and weakens local authority. True liberty requires financial independence at the state level. Key Point: Federal control threatens state sovereignty The plan rewards the wealthy, not the people Visual Suggestion: A scale tipped toward a pile of money labeled “Speculators” on one side, and “Farmers and States” on the other. See more