A monumental Roman civic building in the Campus Martius, Rome, mid-2nd century CE. The structure is a vast circular domed hall, clearly descended from the Pantheon but larger and more refined, rising from the reused colonnade of the Temple of Hadrian. Architecture: – A massive concrete dome with subtle horizontal banding, thicker at the base, lighter toward the crown – An engineered oculus ringed with bronze louvers and ventilation apertures (not open sky) – The dome sits behind and within a rectangular Hadrianic colonnade, Corinthian columns reused as an outer civic frame – No excessive ornament; emphasis on proportion, structure, and clarity – Clean stone, pale travertine, bronze detailing, no statues dominating the roofline Urban context: – The Pantheon visible nearby, smaller, older, respected – The Tiber River in the distance with docks and civic promenades – Broad plazas with citizens, scholars, engineers, foreign delegations – Steam drifting gently from controlled vents, white and clean, never black smoke Mood: – Daylight, late afternoon – Calm, ordered, confident – Not triumphant, but assured Style: – Ultra-detailed historical realism – Cinematic wide-angle view – Grounded, believable engineering – No fantasy exaggeration, no anachronisms Theme: Rome as a functioning system, not a spectacle See more